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National study pinpoints states with steepest warming trends since 1980
Global warming, the observed increase in Earth's average global surface temperature since preindustrial times (1850–1900), currently stands at around 1.63 degrees Celsius. While this number is expected to continue to rise, local temperatures will not go up uniformly around the…
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A smart window grows a silver shield to keep sunlight's heat out
A window can admit welcome daylight but also let in unwanted heat, taxing air conditioning systems. Darkening the glass helps control glare, but the absorption of sunlight warms it. An ideal window would block more incoming heat while also letting trapped heat escape.
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Ultrathin kagome material opens a route to study unusual quantum states
How atoms are arranged inside materials can influence the behavior of electrons and the resulting electronic states. Kagome lattices, repeating arrangements of atoms forming triangles that share corners (with hexagonal spaces between them), have been linked with the emergence of…
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Dust-shrouded Milky Way star cluster may be nearly as old as the universe
Astronomers have determined that VVV CL001, a metal-poor globular cluster near the center of the Milky Way, is about 13.4 billion years old, making it one of the oldest known star clusters in our galaxy. The cluster lies behind thick clouds of interstellar dust, which made its…
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Enzyme found to have surprising role in earliest infant gut microbiome development
Microbiologists have found that an enzyme not normally associated with microbial activities in the human gut has a role in how some bacteria access key nutrients in breast milk.
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Collective human metabolism produces 2 billion metric tons of CO₂ a year, global study estimates
A University of Bath–led study has estimated that the carbon dioxide produced by humans as our bodies turn food into energy rose by 74% between 1985 and 2015, reaching 2.05 billion metric tons a year. Researchers say the findings could help scientists better understand where…
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Mars dust may be less abrasive than lunar dust, spacesuit samples suggest
Tucked away among its sensors, cameras and navigation tools, NASA's Mars rover Perseverance is wearing small swatches of spacesuit material. A rover doesn't need a spacesuit, but the swatches—each less than a square inch (6.5 square centimeters) in size—serve an important…
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Why some trees thrive far from home—and what that means for carbon sinks
In a study spanning 192 sites and four continents, researchers have discovered that conifers planted in the Southern Hemisphere grow up to four times faster and are more drought-resistant than those growing in their native ranges.
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Heavy hydrogen in 3I/ATLAS's methane points to a frigid birthplace
The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS carries a chemical clue to conditions in the planetary system of its origin, locked away long before it reached our sun. Its methane signature is unusually rich in heavy hydrogen, suggesting that the comet's frozen ingredients took shape in an…
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2,700-year-old mummy head yields first molecular evidence linking aloe to Egyptian embalming
What materials did ancient Egyptians use to preserve the dead, and how can their composition still be investigated thousands of years later? An interdisciplinary team at Marburg University has combined modern natural product analysis with Egyptology and the history of pharmacy…
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Breaking the ice: Scientists use attracting particles to form an anti-spin ice
In a recent Nature Communications study, researchers have reported the realization of an anti-spin ice, a system that does the opposite of conventional spin ices by breaking the ice rule that governs them.
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Giant virus yields potassium channel gene that illuminates complex protein evolution
Researchers have discovered a gene for a tandem potassium channel in an algal virus. The finding supports the view that giant viruses may have contributed significantly to the evolution of complex proteins. The study is published in the journal Proceedings of the National…
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Chemists develop AI tool to convert human ingenuity into life-enhancing enzymes
Many have voiced concerns that artificial intelligence will take jobs away from humans. But assistant professor of chemistry Zhongyue (John) Yang, along with his former doctoral student Qianzhen Shao (now a postdoc at Stanford) and other team members, has created an AI tool that…
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Ultracold atoms simulate hard-to-observe matter-antimatter pair production
According to quantum electrodynamics, the theory describing interactions between light and electrically charged particles, a sufficiently strong electric field can, in principle, convert some of its energy into particles and their antimatter partners. A particle's antimatter…
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Four superconducting cables link two large quantum processors into one
As quantum computers grow more ambitious, many researchers believe the best way forward is to build them in multiple interconnected parts. In these modular designs, separate quantum processors are linked so they can work together as one larger machine. For this to happen,…
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Rare Iron Age Celtic helmet discovered in northeastern Poland far from its homeland
Around 2,400 years ago, at Łysa Góra in Poland, a group of people took a bronze helmet, crushed it, broke it into pieces and threw it into a pit with iron adzes and a scythe. Such helmets are sometimes found in lavish graves of the Celtic warrior elite, from Champagne, France,…
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Rare fossil discovery reveals new dinosaur species that specialized in eating fruit
Among the ravenous carnivores and lumbering herbivores that roamed the Cretaceous landscape, another kind of dinosaur was evolving that started to eat something else: the plants that began to flower and produce fruit. The discovery by paleontologists from Stony Brook University,…
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Figuring out where cosmic neutrinos come from is tricky—radio telescopes could help find 'ghost particles' origin
Neutrinos are funny little particles that weigh almost nothing, making them one of the universe's most elusive building blocks. They can come from objects as mundane as bananas and as exotic as supernovas—the exploding death throes of massive stars. Most neutrinos stream through…
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Hidden erosion: Study reveals soft mountain rock erodes three times faster than hard rock—with climate implications
A University of Massachusetts Amherst-led research team has discovered that weaker rock in mountain landscapes erodes three times faster than harder rock—even on gentler slopes—and is one of the main attributes governing mountain erosion. The finding also challenges our current…
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Tiny photonic chip links telescopes together to view the universe in 'astonishing' detail
A tiny glass chip developed by researchers at Heriot-Watt University has linked two telescopes together to enable them to act as a single powerful instrument, marking an important step toward a new generation of astronomical technology.