Circuit Basics
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Electronics Tutorials
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Latest posts
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How to Build a Hi-Fi Stereo Preamplifier
Audio preamplifiers play an important role in Hi-Fi audio systems. They fine tune the audio signal before it reaches the power amplifier, helping the system to deliver the best possible sound. While most Hi-Fi power amplifiers typically only have an on/off switch and input and…
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How to Build an Electronics Work Bench
Having spent 50 years of my life sitting at work at an electronics workbench in a professional R&D lab, or at home in a spare room or garage, I have developed a particular way that I like to layout my electronics work bench. In this article, I will share some of the advice and…
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Essential Parts and Supplies for Working With the Arduino
In this article, we will look at some parts and supplies that will help you get started working with the Arduino. We’ll start by taking a look at a few of the different Arduino boards that are available, then look at the basic tools and components that should be in every Arduino…
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An In-Depth Look at the Arduino Uno PCB
The Arduino is an electronics prototyping platform that makes it easy to build fun and useful projects, learn about electronics, and quickly test new ideas. In this article we will take an in-depth look at each part of the Arduino Uno’s PCB to get a better understanding of how…
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How to Connect and Program Push Buttons on the Arduino
Push buttons can be used to control LEDs, relays, motors, and pretty much anything else you can think of. In this article, we will learn how to connect and program a push button on the Arduino. We will also learn about floating pins, pull up and pull down resistors, the…
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How to Use Pulse Width Modulation on the Arduino
The Arduino can only output two voltages – 0 volts and 5 volts. But many devices like LEDs, servos, and motors need to be powered by a range of voltages between 0 volts and 5 volts. Luckily, the Arduino is capable of pulse width modulation, which can be used to simulate any…
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How to Control the Speed and Direction of a DC Motor
A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Today, you find DC motors in many devices we rely on every day such as home and office appliances, automobiles, access control systems, and toys. In this tutorial, we will cover the basic principles…
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How to Use Variables in Arduino Programs
Variables are probably the most basic thing you’ll learn in programming but they’re also the most useful. In this tutorial we will focus on using variables, declaring variables, naming variables, and doing math with variables on the Arduino. Watch the video for this tutorial…
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How to Do Math in Arduino Programs
In this article, we will learn how perform math calculations in an Arduino program. We will look at the basic mathematical operators first, followed by a review of the order of operations. Then we will look at how to perform more advanced mathematical operations like…
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How to Build a Solar Powered Battery Charger
Edmond Becquerel was the first to discover the photovoltaic effect, whereby electric current and voltage is generated by a material exposed to light. This discovery led to the invention of the first solar cell in 1893 by Charles Fritts. Today we have vastly improved solar panels…
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Using Switch Case Statements in Arduino Programming
In this article, we will learn how to use another type of conditional statement on the Arduino called the switch case statement. The switch case statement replaces the need for multiple if statements when you have multiple conditions that need to be tested. The code is simpler,…
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How to Use Conditional Statements in Arduino Programming
Conditional statements are one of the most useful tools in Arduino programming. They let you control the flow of a program based on certain conditions that you can define in the code. Conditional statements are like a test – they check to see if a condition is true or not. If…
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Using Loops in Arduino Programming
Loops are used to control the flow of a program. In a loop, a block of code is executed over and over again. Each cycle of the loop is called an iteration of the loop. Depending on certain conditions that you can define in the code, you can control whether the program enters the…
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How to Read User Input from the Arduino Serial Monitor
The serial monitor is usually used to display data from the Arduino on a computer monitor. But it can also be used as an input device that takes input from a user and sends it to the Arduino. This is useful for creating serial monitor based menus, calculators, and password…
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Introduction to Digital Logic Chips
Logic chips are integrated circuits that perform the logic functions AND, OR, XOR, NAND, and NOR. They are common in older electronic devices, since more advanced ICs have replaced the need for individual logic chips in most circuits. But before microcontrollers, logic chips…
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Introduction to the Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is probably the most popular electronics prototyping platform ever. Its creators, the Raspberry Pi Foundation, wanted to create a single-board computer that could be used to teach computer science and programming to high school students in developing countries.…
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Using Data Types in Arduino Programming
In this article we will take a look at data types and how they are used in Arduino programming. Data types are important to understand because they determine the types of data that variables can store. Watch the video for this tutorial here: The 3-in-1 Smart Car and IOT Learning…
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Using Compound Operators in Arduino Programming
In this article, we’re going to learn about compound operators and how to use them in Arduino programming. Compound operators are a shorthand way to do simple math with variables. They’re good to know because they’ll make your code more efficient, and you’re sure to see them in…
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How to Read Datasheets and Application Notes
A datasheet is an instruction manual on how to use an electrical component. It explains the devices features, what it does, and how to use it. But despite how useful they are, they can be really hard to understand sometimes. Datasheets are written by engineers for engineers so…
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Introduction to the Arduino
The Arduino is one of the most popular electronics prototyping platforms for learning and using microcontrollers on the market today. This is because the creators of Arduino have simplified the circuitry and programming of the ATMEGA328 microcontroller to the point that anyone…